
Many people think non-legal tenders and/or obsolete currency that were once legal tenders should be measured based on its popularity as a collectible. While this assertion is partly true, one should not negate the time value money principles that partly determine the value of such collectibles. All money issued by governing authorities had some type of value as the issuing government controlled the economic resources that made such currency hold value. What I find frequently more valuable are denominations that had so much purchasing power at the time when it was in full circulation that hardly anyone used them because they were usually instruments of the rich. These were the days when people actually transacted with paper money without the convenience of computerized banking. While a large number of retail collectors focus on collectible cards, the banknotes and coins market have grown tremendously over the last ten years.
For example, many World War I and World War II banknotes that used to be bought in bundles of 100 for five to ten dollars are now selling for a few hundred each. The Japanese invasion money that use to be dirt cheap now are commanding high premiums due to their historical value. They also had high time value of money value as they were once “legal tenders” on Japanese occupied territories. Goods and services were literally siphoned out of the occupied economies through the printing of these notes. Although they are viewed as worthless from a value retention standpoint at the time of issue by the occupied locals, they were nevertheless the authoritative medium of exchange for at least a few years. People who like currency tend to be older and typically with more disposable income. Many of these people are history buffs. The prototypical younger generation of collectors who are adults usually have graduated from post-secondary institutions and likely have obtained advanced degrees. Most people at banknotes and coin shows are much more affluent than the average card collector who does not also collect banknotes and coins. It is very routine that thousands of dollars are spent by a single person who attends these shows.
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Best ROI in collectible coins and banknotes/paper money right now.

The other side of this is banknotes and coins are in essence money hence liquidity is usually not an issue. Unlike other collectibles, many US old currencies regardless whether they are coins or banknotes are actually still legal tenders. Many banks also exchange old currencies at stated exchange rates set by the issuing authorities when it is legal to do so. The thing with money is, even the obsolete ones, they had some type of value point in time and for this banknote or coin to be in the hands of a collector, someone had to defer enjoyment of the purchasing power which usually need to be compensated for by the market. Hence this is exactly why the value of obsolete currency are based on deferred economic value. This logic is in line with business professors getting some of the highest salaries in academia because if they took their talents to the industry they can make XYZ amount therefore to ensure these talents stay in academia, institutions had to provide a compensation that take into account the opportunity costs these individuals forgo by taking years to obtain a PhD and another few years to be fully tenured etc. I believe the next big wave in collectibles will likely happen in the banknotes and coins industry as AI help the previously education deficient individuals obtain knowledge on the cheap equalizing whatever inequality they believe they were dealt with by the system.
This market is also not very comp oriented with almost little technological development in this field. All the pricing apps and listing apps either do not really exist or barely exist in this industry right now. People still use catalogs to price items. Basically there are very little speculation in this market right now. I believe this will change within the next decade or so especially when physical money will be issued less and less by the issuing authorities and people rarely see paper money in an increasingly cashless society. Cash won’t go away completely as it has its purpose, however, physically money will likely be used less and less. What this simply means from a supply and demand side is less and less paper money will be in circulation, financial institutions will likely increase the cost of providing cash to customers upon request and cash will slowly but surely be hoarded by collectors and opportunists as well as various institutions. The end result of all of this is less cash for the collectors, higher rates of circulated currency versus brand new currency in mint condition and higher demand for paper money as a collector item. There will also be a large number of privacy conscious people who will want to hold their own stash of cash for their own convenience. Governments may also be phasing out or discontinuing certain denomination of currency as inflation catch up with the production cost. All in all, the more people are pushed to use something, the limited supply of something else that is both collectible and functional will likely significantly rise in value due to higher demand. I personally believe right now the best values are in the fractional currencies that are over 150 years old selling like they are toilet paper right now at a few dollars each at wholesale.
Think about it this way, 25 cents in 1862 worth in purchasing power is worth near $10 dollars today just based on inflation. If someone had invested 25 cents in 1862 into the stock market or bought a fraction of an acre of land with it, that investment on average is probably worth tens of thousands of dollars today. What is more ridiculous is that many of these fractional notes can be bought at wholesale for a few dollars depending on condition. This valuation is in total conflict and very disrespectful of time value of money. I believe this market is currently not very market m-oriented and present many arbitrage opportunities. Fractionals are technically still legal tender. The blue seal silver certificates are grossly undervalued too often only cost marginally more than the face value of a dollar bill. Many of these bills are consecutive, radar numbered and/or star notes. These also do not seem to go for much of a premium which is quite baffling. What is also to know is many US states have passed laws that repealed sales taxes on coins, currency and investment-grade precious metals that are purchased at the retail level which will lower the transaction cost for collectors and investors on these asset classes.




































































































































